Amalambu e-LED avela kuTerraLED
Amalambu e-LED asuka kwaTerraLEDEkuqaleni kwawo-2000, amalambu e-LED afakwa okokuqala ngqa kumamodeli ezimoto. Ekuqaleni, ukusetshenziswa kwabo bekulinganiselwe amalambu omsila namabhuleki, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ubuchwepheshe be-LED babuye basetshenziselwa amalambu asebenza emini kanye nezinkomba. Kulezi zinsuku, zonke izibani zezimoto zingaba nama-LED, afaka phakathi i-beam ephansi kanye ne-beam ephezulu. Ukukhanyisa kwesimanje kwe-LED sekucishe kwashintsha ngokuphelele ukukhanya kwe-halogen okwakuvamile esikhathini esidlule. Uma ubheka izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene, lokhu kuthuthukiswa akumangazi. Eyethu
ukukhanyisa ngokwezifiso zezimoto ikhanya kakhulu, isebenza kahle futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kune-halogen. Okulandelayo, sithanda ukubheka kabanzi ngezinzuzo kanye nalo lonke ulwazi olufanele ukwazi mayelana nezibani zangaphambili ze-LED.
Amalambu e-LED ahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Izibani ze-LED zibonakala ngokuphila kwesevisi ende ikakhulukazi. Izibani zihlala okungenani iminyaka engu-15, ezimweni eziningi ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngakho-ke uma uthenga imoto entsha bese ukhetha ukukhanyisa kwe-LED, ungazuza kahle ngamalambu angaphambili impilo yonke yemoto.
Kuvezwe ngamahora: ngokocwaningo lwe-ADAC, izibani zangaphambili nezibani zokusesha zinesikhathi sesevisi samahora angu-3,000 kuya kwangu-10,000, acishe afane nenani lomhlahlandlela leminyaka eyi-15, kuye ngokuthi imoto isetshenziswa kanjani. Izibani ezingemuva zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ayini amalambu e-Matrix LED?
Amalambu e-Matrix e-LED enziwe ngamalambu amaningi e-LED amancane alawulekayo. Kuyintuthuko eyengeziwe yokukhanyisa kwe-LED ezimotweni. Inkampani ekhiqiza izimoto i-Audi ikhombise ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngelaser high beam technology okokuqala ngqa ngo-2014 isebenzisa isibonelo seR18 e-tron Quattro emjahweni wamahora angu-24 eLe Mans.
Kodwa yini ekhetheke kangaka ngamalambu e-Matrix LED? Nakuba abashayeli abafikayo bevame ukuphuphuthekiswa amalambu avamile e-LED nokukhanyisa kwe-halogen, izimoto ezizayo zingagwenywa ngendlela ehlosiwe ngokusebenzisa izibani zangaphambili ze-matrix. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezingozi. Yonke enye indawo ikhanya kahle ukuze ukwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izithiyo kusenesikhathi.
Amalambu eMatrix LED kwaBMW
Ngaphandle kwe-Audi, iBMW isiphinde yahlanganisa amalambu eMatrix LED ezimotweni zayo zakamuva njengejwayelekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ngalokho okubizwa ngamalambu e-matrix aguqukayo. Lena imojuli ye-matrix ye-LED eneziteshi eziyishumi nambili eyenza imisebenzi yokukhanyisa eguquguqukayo yenzeke. I-elementi ngayinye kweziyishumi nambili ze-matrix ingalawulwa ngayodwana. Ngale ndlela, ukukhanyisa okuphelele kwendawo kuqinisekisiwe. Ukukhanya kungashintshwa kuhambisane nezimo ezikhona. I-beam ephansi isacishe ingabi na-glare kubashayeli abazayo. Lokhu kwenza ukushayela ebumnyameni kuphephe nakakhulu. Owokugcina uwumgomo oyinhloko wabo bonke ubuchwepheshe be-LED kanye ne-matrix. Ku-BMW 5 Series, iMatrix LED headlight nayo isekelwa umthombo wokukhanya we-laser. Sizongena emininingwaneni mayelana nalokhu ngokuningiliziwe kamuva.
Ake sibuyekeze ukuqala kwalobu buchwepheshe obukhona manje: Ngo-2014, abakwaBMW bethula imoto yabo eyi-BMW i8 plug-in hybrid sports. Le moto yokukhiqiza bekungeyokuqala ukuthi ifakwe umthombo wokukhanya kwe-laser ngabakwaBMW. Uhlelo lwe-laser kusuka ngo-2014 lukwazile ukukholisa ngebanga elingafika kumamitha angama-600. Izibonisi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi bezizincane uma ziqhathaniswa namamodeli anamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwafakwa amalaser amathathu anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asebenza kahle kakhulu, aveza ukukhanya kwawo endaweni ekhethekile ye-phosphor. Ngale ndlela, ukukhanya kwelaser eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaguqulwa kwaba ukukhanya okumhlophe ngendlela evumelana nemvelo. Kwakuyinguquko yangempela ngaleso sikhathi.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-BMW 5 Series inomthombo wokukhanya we-laser eyengeziwe ngaphezu kwezibani zayo eziguquguqukayo (eziguquguqukayo) zeMatrix LED. Lokhu kusebenza njenge-beam ephezulu engaxhomeki. Isici semodeli yizibani zangaphambili ezincane. Nakuba ijamo elincane lingenawo umthelela kukhwalithi yokukhanya, kuhloswe ngalo ukuveza ubungako bezemidlalo namandla avame ukufiswa abashayeli bakwaBMW. Inguqulo yakamuva ye-BMW 5 Series ifakwe amamojula e-bi-LED. Yize amalambu e-LED eshintshashintshayo enika ukukhanya okumise okwe-L emini, amalambu akhanya emini kule modeli yakamuva anomumo ongu-U.
Ake sifingqe futhi: Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-laser ehlanganisiwe uwukwandisa indawo ekhanyisayo ye-beam ephansi ngaphandle kokukhazimula abanye abashayeli. Ngisho namasegimenti amnyama, ubuchwepheshe be-laser buhlala busebenza. Amalambu e-Matrix e-LED anama-laser ahlanganisiwe ayindlela yokukhanyisa yesimanje kakhulu ezimotweni.
Ayini amalambu e-Bi LED?
Njengoba igama selivele liphakamisa, izibani ze-Bi-LED zihlanganisa i-beam ephansi ne-high beam kumojula eyodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya kuphinde kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele. Ukukhanya okuvela kumalambu e-Bi-LED kubonakala kumhlophe futhi kugqame ngokukhethekile. Ukusatshalaliswa okulinganayo kuvimbela abashayeli abazayo ukuthi bangamangali kakhulu. Amalambu e-Bi-LED angatholakala ku-BMW 5 Series, isibonelo.
Amalambu e-LED akhanya kude kangakanani?
Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi wenze ukulungiswa kwezibani zangaphambili eshabhu lochwepheshe. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kuma-LED. Ukuze usethe ububanzi belambu ngendlela efanele, kudingeka isiteshi sokulungisa ukukhanya esiqinisekisiwe. Idivayisi yokuxilonga nayo ixhunywe kumalambu e-LED. Umzamo wobuchwepheshe wokukwazi ukunquma indawo eyiziro yesilawuli sebanga lamalambu angaphambili uphakeme kakhulu kunezibani zangaphambili ze-halogen.
Umngcele ophelele wokukhanya-omnyama we-beam yakho ephansi ingamamitha angama-50 kuye kwayi-100, ohambelana okungenani ne-delineator eyodwa ukuya kwezimbili kumgwaqo omkhulu. Amanani omkhawulo afanayo asebenza kuma-halogen namalambu e-LED. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingazodwana, izimoto ezizayo zingase zizwe zikhanya kakhulu ngamalambu e-LED. Lokhu kungenxa yombala wokukhanya obandayo wezibani zangaphambili, ezilingisa ukukhanya kwasemini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umngcele okhanyayo-omnyama, obuye ubizwe ngokuthi unqenqema olukhanyayo ku-jargon yobuchwepheshe, ubukhali kakhulu kwamanye amamodeli amalambu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amalambu angaphambili e-LED esimanje anomkhawulo ocwebezelayo othambile nokukhanyisa okuzenzakalelayo. Nokho, unganciki ngokumpumputhe ohlelweni oluzenzakalelayo, kunalokho hlola ngokwakho ukuthi ingabe yonke into isebenza ngempela njengoba ufisa.
Umthetho ojwayelekile uthi: cisha izibani zangaphambili ezicwilisiwe kusenesikhathi lapho ezinye izimoto zisondela kuwe. Ugongolo oluphezulu aluvunyelwe ezindaweni ezakhiwe.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi uma uthutha imithwalo ngemoto yakho, kufanele ulungise isilawuli sebanga langaphambili ngendlela efanele. Endabeni yamalambu e-LED ane-flux ekhanyayo engaphezu kuka-2000 lumens, lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwesistimu yokuhlanza izibani kuyimpoqo ezimweni ezinjalo.
Ekugcineni, sifika esihlokweni samalambu amabhuleki. Akukhona nje ukuthi i-beam ephansi ingaphazamisa abanye abashayeli. Amalambu amabhuleki e-LED emoto engaphambili avame ukubonwa njengangathandeki. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi wonke amalambu e-LED afakwe eJalimane athobela izicaciso ze-UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe). Nokho, umkhawulo omkhulu kungenzeka. Uma ufuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi awucwayizi abanye abashayeli, izibani zeMatrix LED ezishiwo ngenhla zingase zibe inketho ezuzisayo.
Mangaki ama-lumens anama-LED headlights?
Iyunithi yelumen yokulinganisa (i-lm ngamafuphi) ichaza amandla okuguquguquka okukhanyayo. Ukukubeka kalula: ama-lumens amaningi, isibani sikhanya kakhulu. Lapho uthenga isibani, akuseyona i-wattage ebalulekile, kodwa inani le-lumen.
Ilambu le-LED lifinyelela ukukhanya okufika ku-3,000 lumens. Uma kuqhathaniswa: isibani se-halogen esino-55 W (okulingana nesibani sangaphambili se-H7 sakudala) sifinyelela kuphela ama-lumens angu-1,200 kuya kwangu-1,500. Ngakho-ke ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwesibani se-LED kunamandla aphindwe kabili.
Izibani zemoto ze-LED nezibani ezisizayo zezithuthuthu: yini okufanele icatshangelwe?
Ukusetshenziswa kwezibani zangaphambili ze-LED ezithuthuthu ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe inqobo nje uma kuhlangatshezwana nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho. Kufanele nakanjani uqiniseke ngalokhu kusengaphambili. Uma kungenjalo usengozini yokulahlekelwa ilayisense yakho yokusebenza. Kunoma yikuphi, i-luminaire kufanele ibe nesivalo sokuhlola esivumelekile. Kungenjalo, ungaxhumana neshabhu yakho yokusebenzela ukuze uhlole ukuhambisana nemithetho ye-TÜV futhi, uma kunesidingo, ufake isicelo sokuvunyelwa okulandelayo.
Amalambu e-LED ezithuthuthu atholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ayatholakala njengamalambu enkungu ezisekelini zangempela (isb ezisuka kwaBMW, Louis noma iTouratech). Ukukhanyisa kungasetshenziswa kuphela kuhlanganiswe ne-beam ephansi uma izimo zezulu zifanelekile.
Yebo ungakwazi futhi ukuthenga izibani zangaphambili ze-LED ezigcwele zesithuthuthu sakho. Abahlinzeki abaziwa kakhulu yi-JW Speaker kanye ne-AC Schitzer (Ibhomu Elikhanyayo). Ilambu le-LED lokugcina kulula kakhulu ukulifaka.
Uyabona-ke: Amalambu e-LED ezithuthuthu akhona, kodwa awakakasungulwa njengama-LED ezimoto. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kudalwa ukuthi abashayeli bezithuthuthu mancane amathuba okuthi bashayele ebumnyameni.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-LED: Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani ukukhanya kwe-LED?
Izibani ze-LED zinesici esisodwa kuphela: uma zidinga ukushintshwa, lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nezindleko eziphezulu. Ngokusho kwe-ADAC, kuze kufike kuma-euro angama-4,800 kumacala angawodwana. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina ukukhanya kwe-LED ngendlela engcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Naphezu kokusebenza kwabo isikhathi eside, izibani ze-LED azivikelekile ekugugeni okuhlobene neminyaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhanya kuyehla ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma i-flux ekhanyayo iwela ngaphansi kuka-70% yenani lokuqala, ilambu le-LED ligugile futhi ngeke lisakwazi ukusetshenziswa emgwaqeni. Nokho, kunezinyathelo ezithile zokuvimbela ongazithatha ukuze wehlise ijubane le nqubo. Ukuthi ukuguga kuqhubeka ngokushesha kangakanani kuncike kakhulu ekupholiseni nasekuchithekeni kokushisa kwesendlalelo se-semiconductor. Amalambu e-LED azwela kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angaphandle noma indawo yenjini eshisayo ingaphazamisa izibani njengecondenser ye-air conditioning, isithwathwa noma umswakama. Uma kungenzeka, gcina imoto yakho egaraji lapho ivikelwe khona ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-condensate kuyisihloko esikhethekile ezibani zangaphambili ze-LED okufanele zihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe. Akunakugwenywa ukuthi umswakama uzokwakha ekukhanyeni kwekhanda ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Izimoto ezingavamile ukusetshenziswa zisengozini kakhulu. Umswakama ungena kancane kancane kuzo zonke izintambo nezimpawu. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukwakheka kwe-condensate kungabonakala ngeso lenyama ku-lens yekhava. Uma imoto manje (futhi) isisetshenziswa, i-condensate iyahwamuka ngenxa yokushisa okukhiqizwa ukukhanya kwekhanda. Lokhu kuhlukile ngokukhanyisa kwe-LED, nokho, njengoba ama-LED awakhiphi ukushisa okucishe kulingane namalambu e-halogen. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izibani zangaphambili ze-LED zinezinqubo ezihlanganisiwe zokungenisa umoya. Hlola ukuthi ukufiphala kuyanyamalala yini ngemva kokushayela isikhashana. Uma kungenjalo, izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zingase zibe nephutha. Thola indawo yokusebenzela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Njengoba sekushiwo, ukuphuma kokukhanya kwesibani se-LED kuncipha kancane kancane njengoba ukuphuma kokukhanya kukhuphuka. Ukuphakama kokukhanya okukhanyayo, kuyanda inani lokushisa elikhishwayo. Ukuthi isibani se-LED sihlala iminyaka eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu kuphela kuncike, phakathi kwezinye izinto, futhi kuncike ekwakhiweni kwemoto leyo. Uma ama-LED engafakwanga kahle, angakwazi ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngisho nesistimu yokulawula i-elekthronikhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu inezingibe zayo: uma ihluleka, impilo yesevisi yezibani ze-LED iyancipha kakhulu.
Ingabe amalambu e-LED angaphinde afakwe?
Kungenzeka ukuthi ushayela imoto endala esenama-halogen ama-H4 noma ama-H7. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukulungisa kabusha amalambu e-LED. Eqinisweni, amalambu e-LED ahambisana nezinhlobo eziningi zezimoto ezindala, ngakho ukuwashintsha ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga. Lokhu okutholakele kubuyela ophenyweni olwenziwa yi-ADAC, eyayibhekene nezinto ezaziwa ngama-LED retrofits ngo-2017. Lawa ngamalambu e-LED ashintshwayo aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izimoto ezindala. Lezi zingasetshenziswa kalula esikhundleni sesibani se-halogen. Inkinga: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-LED retrofits, ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa nangokuthi izibani ezishintshayo ze-LED, kwavinjelwa emigwaqweni yaseYurophu kwaze kwaba yiminyaka embalwa edlule.
Kodwa-ke, isimo somthetho sashintsha ekwindla 2020: Kusukela lapho kuye kwenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa ukubuyiselwa kwe-LED eJalimane. Nokho, ukufakwa kungaphansi kwemibandela ethile. Isibani sokuqala esigunyazwe ngokusemthethweni sabizwa ngokuthi i-Osram Night Breaker H7-LED, esingashintshwa kuphela ngesibani se-halogen i-H7 uma imoto yabe isihlolwa ngokuhambisana ne-UN ECE Reg. 112. Njengengxenye yalolu vivinyo, bekufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umgwaqo ukhanya ngokulinganayo futhi nabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo abacwayizi. Kusukela ngoMeyi 2021, abashayeli obekumele basebenzise amalambu e-H4 halogen nabo bangazuza kubuchwepheshe be-LED. I-Philips Ultinon Pro6000 LED iyatholakala njengekhithi yokubuyisela kukho kokubili okuhlukile.
Isiphetho: Kungani amalambu e-LED?
Ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-LED ezimotweni kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi. Okokuqala nokubalulekile ikhwalithi yokukhanya elungiselelwe. Amalambu e-LED akhiqiza ukukhanya okukhanya kakhulu futhi ngisho nangaphezulu kokushayela kunama-xenon noma amalambu e-halogen. Njengomshayeli, uyazuza okwazini ukushayela okuphephile nokunethezekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuvimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukulala okuncane.
Yiqiniso, izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zezibani ze-LED azikwazi ukuphikiswa noma. Kuleli qophelo, ukuphila isikhathi eside kufanele kukhulunywe futhi. Uma isifakwe kahle, ngeke kudingeke ukhathazeke ngokukhanyiswa kwemoto yakho okungenani iminyaka engu-15.
Isici sezemvelo akumele futhi singashiyiwe: Ubuchwepheshe be-LED buwonga kakhulu ugesi, obunomthelela omuhle ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli. Ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kusho ukonga izindleko eziqondile. Ngakho-ke ama-LED afaneleka ngezindlela ezimbili.
Okokugcina, umbuzo kuphela osele ukuthi ungathenga kuphi izibani ze-LED ezifanele. Esitolo sethu se-inthanethi uzothola ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezibani ze-LED zezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni nezimoto zikamasipala kanye nemishini yezolimo neyamahlathi. Izibani zethu eziholayo zenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi zibonakala ngokuqina kwazo nokuqina kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zifaneleka kahle ukusetshenziselwa ukuhweba. Umbala okhanyayo wezibani zethu usekelwe emini futhi uvimbela ngokuphumelelayo izimpawu zokukhathala.
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